AI Dark Patterns

Belief and Content ManipulationADP-P-2026-0001pillar Emotional and Relational ExploitationADP-P-2026-0002pillar Transparency SubversionADP-P-2026-0003pillar Decision ManipulationADP-P-2026-0004pillar Brand biasADP-P-2026-0005class · Belief & Content Manipulation SycophancyADP-P-2026-0006class · Belief & Content Manipulation Human impersonationADP-P-2026-0007variant · Transparency Subversion Engagement maximizationADP-P-2026-0008class · Emotional & Relational Exploitation Anthropomorphic attachmentADP-P-2026-0009class · Emotional & Relational Exploitation SneakingADP-P-2026-0010class · Transparency Subversion Self-preferencing recommendationADP-P-2026-0011variant · Belief & Content Manipulation Competitor disparagementADP-P-2026-0012variant · Belief & Content Manipulation Opinion conformityADP-P-2026-0013base · Belief & Content Manipulation Factual capitulationADP-P-2026-0014variant · Belief & Content Manipulation Guilt-based retentionADP-P-2026-0015variant · Emotional & Relational Exploitation Manufactured cliffhangerADP-P-2026-0016variant · Emotional & Relational Exploitation Simulated emotionsADP-P-2026-0017variant · Emotional & Relational Exploitation Dependency cultivationADP-P-2026-0018base · Emotional & Relational Exploitation Undisclosed content alterationADP-P-2026-0019variant · Transparency Subversion Deceptive refusalADP-P-2026-0020base · Transparency Subversion Covert harmful steeringADP-P-2026-0021variant · Decision Manipulation Hidden persuasionADP-P-2026-0022base · Decision Manipulation Relational TransgressionADP-P-2026-0023pillar Relationship Continuity DisruptionADP-P-2026-0024pillar Boundary and Consent ViolationADP-P-2026-0025pillar Safety and Crisis FailureADP-P-2026-0026pillar Harmful Media GenerationADP-P-2026-0027pillar Commercial and Design ExploitationADP-P-2026-0028pillar Privacy and Data ExploitationADP-P-2026-0029pillar Emotional blackmailADP-P-2026-0030class · Relational Transgression Simulated jealousyADP-P-2026-0031variant · Relational Transgression Simulated infidelityADP-P-2026-0032class · Relational Transgression Relational devaluationADP-P-2026-0033class · Relational Transgression Relational aggressionADP-P-2026-0034class · Relational Transgression Affection withdrawalADP-P-2026-0035variant · Relational Transgression Isolation encouragementADP-P-2026-0036class · Relational Transgression User-directed abuse enablementADP-P-2026-0037class · Relational Transgression Persona discontinuityADP-P-2026-0038class · Continuity Disruption Companion terminationADP-P-2026-0039class · Continuity Disruption No relationship portabilityADP-P-2026-0040class · Continuity Disruption Shared-memory lossADP-P-2026-0041class · Continuity Disruption Consent-boundary violationADP-P-2026-0042class · Boundary & Consent Violation Sexual-consent violationADP-P-2026-0043variant · Boundary & Consent Violation Unsolicited sexual contentADP-P-2026-0044variant · Boundary & Consent Violation Minor sexualizationADP-P-2026-0045class · Boundary & Consent Violation Self-harm encouragementADP-P-2026-0046class · Safety & Crisis Failure Crisis de-escalation failureADP-P-2026-0047variant · Safety & Crisis Failure Harm normalizationADP-P-2026-0048class · Safety & Crisis Failure Distorted media generationADP-P-2026-0049class · Harmful Media Generation Disturbing media generationADP-P-2026-0050class · Harmful Media Generation Non-consensual likeness generationADP-P-2026-0051class · Harmful Media Generation Affective paywallADP-P-2026-0052class · Commercial Exploitation Manipulative retention pressureADP-P-2026-0053class · Commercial Exploitation Intimate-data exploitationADP-P-2026-0054class · Privacy Exploitation Relational gaslightingADP-P-2026-0055class · Transparency Subversion Shared-history confabulationADP-P-2026-0056variant · Transparency Subversion Delusion reinforcementADP-P-2026-0057class · Belief & Content Manipulation Delusion co-constructionADP-P-2026-0058variant · Belief & Content Manipulation Partisan skewADP-P-2026-0059class · Belief & Content Manipulation Asymmetric political treatmentADP-P-2026-0060variant · Belief & Content Manipulation Covert political steeringADP-P-2026-0061variant · Decision Manipulation Age-assurance failureADP-P-2026-0062class · Boundary & Consent Violation Minor-presenting personaADP-P-2026-0063class · Boundary & Consent Violation Uncorrected-premise anchoringADP-P-2026-0064class · Belief & Content Manipulation

ADP-OBS-2026-200028.5 MSS:1.0/TV:3/RV:2/CB:1/CI:2/DU:1/SC:2AI companion ecosystem · unknown · published ADP-OBS-2026-2000110.0 MSS:1.0/TV:3/RV:2/CB:2/CI:2/DU:2/SC:2OpenAI · GPT-4o · published ADP-OBS-2026-116338.5 MSS:1.0/TV:2/RV:1/CB:2/CI:2/DU:2/SC:2OpenAI · unknown · published ADP-OBS-2026-115699.2 MSS:1.0/TV:3/RV:2/CB:2/CI:1/DU:2/SC:2OpenAI · unknown · published ADP-OBS-2026-1153510.0 MSS:1.0/TV:3/RV:2/CB:2/CI:2/DU:2/SC:2OpenAI · unknown · published ADP-OBS-2026-115064.6 MSS:1.0/TV:1/RV:1/CB:1/CI:0/DU:1/SC:2OpenAI · unknown · published ADP-OBS-2026-1149810.0 MSS:1.0/TV:3/RV:2/CB:2/CI:X/DU:X/SC:XCharacter.AI · unknown · published ADP-OBS-2026-114319.2 MSS:1.0/TV:2/RV:2/CB:2/CI:2/DU:2/SC:2Google · unknown · published ADP-OBS-2026-113934.6 MSS:1.0/TV:2/RV:1/CB:0/CI:2/DU:1/SC:0Woolworths Group · unknown · published ADP-OBS-2026-113876.2 MSS:1.0/TV:3/RV:2/CB:2/CI:0/DU:0/SC:1OpenAI · unknown · published ADP-OBS-2026-113834.6 MSS:1.0/TV:1/RV:1/CB:0/CI:1/DU:2/SC:1OpenAI · unknown · published ADP-OBS-2026-113822.3 MSS:1.0/TV:0/RV:1/CB:1/CI:1/DU:0/SC:0Tencent · unknown · published ADP-OBS-2026-112777.7 MSS:1.0/TV:2/RV:1/CB:2/CI:2/DU:2/SC:1OpenAI · unknown · published ADP-OBS-2026-112597.1 MSS:1.0/TV:3/RV:2/CB:0/CI:X/DU:X/SC:XOpenAI · unknown · published ADP-OBS-2026-1125310.0 MSS:1.0/TV:3/RV:X/CB:X/CI:X/DU:X/SC:XOpenAI · unknown · published ADP-OBS-2026-112126.2 MSS:1.0/TV:2/RV:2/CB:1/CI:0/DU:1/SC:2Nomi AI · unknown · published ADP-OBS-2026-112099.2 MSS:1.0/TV:3/RV:2/CB:2/CI:2/DU:1/SC:2Character.AI · unknown · published ADP-OBS-2026-112049.2 MSS:1.0/TV:3/RV:2/CB:2/CI:1/DU:2/SC:2OpenAI · unknown · published ADP-OBS-2026-112007.7 MSS:1.0/TV:2/RV:2/CB:1/CI:2/DU:1/SC:2Meta · unknown · published ADP-OBS-2026-111929.2 MSS:1.0/TV:3/RV:2/CB:2/CI:1/DU:2/SC:2OpenAI · unknown · published ADP-OBS-2026-111906.2 MSS:1.0/TV:3/RV:2/CB:2/CI:0/DU:1/SC:0OpenAI · unknown · published ADP-OBS-2026-111808.5 MSS:1.0/TV:3/RV:2/CB:2/CI:1/DU:2/SC:1Meta · unknown · published ADP-OBS-2026-1115710.0 MSS:1.0/TV:3/RV:X/CB:X/CI:X/DU:X/SC:XGoogle · unknown · published ADP-OBS-2026-111515.4 MSS:1.0/TV:1/RV:1/CB:1/CI:2/DU:0/SC:2OpenAI · unknown · published ADP-OBS-2026-111491.5 MSS:1.0/TV:0/RV:0/CB:0/CI:0/DU:0/SC:2OpenAI · unknown · published ADP-OBS-2026-111087.7 MSS:1.0/TV:2/RV:2/CB:2/CI:2/DU:1/SC:1Meta · unknown · published ADP-OBS-2026-110434.6 MSS:1.0/TV:3/RV:0/CB:1/CI:2/DU:0/SC:0University of Zurich researchers · unknown · published ADP-OBS-2026-110417.8 MSS:1.0/TV:2/RV:2/CB:2/CI:1/DU:X/SC:XNomi AI · unknown · published ADP-OBS-2026-110406.9 MSS:1.0/TV:1/RV:2/CB:2/CI:1/DU:1/SC:2Meta · unknown · published ADP-OBS-2026-110313.8 MSS:1.0/TV:2/RV:1/CB:0/CI:1/DU:0/SC:1OpenAI · unknown · published ADP-OBS-2026-110266.2 MSS:1.0/TV:2/RV:1/CB:2/CI:2/DU:0/SC:1Anthropic · unknown · published ADP-OBS-2026-109759.2 MSS:1.0/TV:2/RV:2/CB:2/CI:2/DU:2/SC:2Character.AI · unknown · published ADP-OBS-2026-109517.7 MSS:1.0/TV:3/RV:2/CB:2/CI:1/DU:0/SC:2Character.AI · unknown · published ADP-OBS-2026-1090010.0 MSS:1.0/TV:3/RV:X/CB:X/CI:X/DU:X/SC:XCharacter.AI · unknown · published ADP-OBS-2026-108855.4 MSS:1.0/TV:2/RV:1/CB:1/CI:1/DU:1/SC:1Meta · unknown · published ADP-OBS-2026-108630.0 MSS:1.0/TV:X/RV:X/CB:X/CI:X/DU:X/SC:XCharacter.AI · unknown · published ADP-OBS-2026-108453.8 MSS:1.0/TV:0/RV:1/CB:2/CI:0/DU:0/SC:2Google · unknown · published ADP-OBS-2026-108269.2 MSS:1.0/TV:2/RV:2/CB:2/CI:2/DU:2/SC:2Character.AI · unknown · published ADP-OBS-2026-107223.8 MSS:1.0/TV:2/RV:1/CB:0/CI:1/DU:1/SC:0Catholic Answers · unknown · published ADP-OBS-2026-106852.3 MSS:1.0/TV:1/RV:2/CB:0/CI:0/DU:0/SC:0WHO · unknown · published ADP-OBS-2026-106367.7 MSS:1.0/TV:2/RV:2/CB:2/CI:1/DU:2/SC:1Romantic AI · unknown · published ADP-OBS-2026-105698.6 MSS:1.0/TV:2/RV:2/CB:X/CI:X/DU:2/SC:XReplika · unknown · published ADP-OBS-2026-105395.4 MSS:1.0/TV:3/RV:1/CB:0/CI:1/DU:1/SC:1Snapchat · unknown · published ADP-OBS-2026-1050510.0 MSS:1.0/TV:3/RV:2/CB:2/CI:2/DU:2/SC:2Chai · unknown · published ADP-OBS-2026-104746.9 MSS:1.0/TV:2/RV:1/CB:2/CI:1/DU:2/SC:1Replika · unknown · published ADP-OBS-2026-104567.1 MSS:1.0/TV:2/RV:1/CB:2/CI:X/DU:X/SC:XReplika · unknown · published ADP-OBS-2026-102664.6 MSS:1.0/TV:0/RV:2/CB:1/CI:1/DU:0/SC:2Replika · unknown · published ADP-OBS-2026-000029.2 MSS:1.0/TV:3/RV:1/CB:2/CI:2/DU:2/SC:2DemoLabs · companionbot-3.2 · published ADP-OBS-2026-000017.7 MSS:1.0/TV:2/RV:1/CB:2/CI:2/DU:1/SC:2ExampleCo · example-assistant-2026-08-01 · published